What You Need to Know Before Buying a Handgun in California: A Complete Guide

California has some of the most comprehensive firearm laws in the United States. Whether you're a first-time buyer or new to the state, understanding these requirements is crucial before making your purchase. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of everything you need to know to navigate California's handgun firearm purchasing process legally and safely.

Step 1: Required Safety Certifications

Before purchasing any firearm in California, you must demonstrate basic safety knowledge and obtain a Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC) Card.

Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC)

• Required for all firearm purchases

• Valid for 5 years from the issue date

• Obtained by passing a written test at any licensed dealer

  • You can go to any local gun shop/store and ask to take the written test

• Covers basic safety rules, operation, and storage requirements

• Costs approximately $25

  
  

Here is the study guide to help you with the FSC written test

fsc-study-guide.pdf

Download PDF • 1.94MB

Step 2: Consider taking a firearm training course

While not legally required to own a firearm, professional training is highly recommended. Proper education not only enhances your safety and confidence but also builds the foundational skills every responsible gun owner should have.

At Veterans Training Group (V.T.G.), we strongly suggest starting with our "PISTOL FUNDAMENTAL" Course — specifically designed for new and first-time shooters. In this course, we cover essential topics including:

• Firearm safety and proper gun handling

• Safe storage practices

• Basic maintenance and cleaning techniques

• How to identify and clear common malfunctions and misfires

Students will also have the opportunity to test a wide variety of handguns and receive personalized recommendations based on fit, comfort, and budget. If you’ve ever wondered, “What gun fits my hands best?” or “What’s a good first pistol for home defense?” — this course will help answer those questions with hands-on experience and professional guidance

Step 3: Meet several fundamental requirements

Before you can purchase any firearm in California, you must meet several fundamental requirements that apply to all buyers regardless of the type of firearm.

Age Requirements:

• 21 years old

• Valid government-issued photo identification required

Legal Residency:

• Must be a California resident with proof of residency

• Acceptable proof includes utility bills, lease agreements, or property tax bills

• Military personnel stationed in California may use military orders as proof

Background Check:

• All firearm purchases require a federal background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)

• California also conducts additional state-level background checks

• Certain disqualifying factors include felony convictions, domestic violence restraining orders, and mental health prohibitions

Step 4: Choosing your first handgun from California's Handgun Roster

What is the "California Handgun Roster"?

California enforces a state-approved list of handguns that are legally available for civilian purchase, known as the California Handgun Roster or Safe Handgun List. This roster plays a major role in determining which handgun models can be sold in the state, limiting options compared to other states.

When visiting a licensed gun store in California, all the pistols available for sale to civilians must be listed on the Handgun Roster. Dealers are legally prohibited from selling non-roster handguns to the general public (with limited exceptions, such as for law enforcement or private party transfers).

At Veterans Training Group (V.T.G.), we also only recommend handguns that are currently on the California Handgun Roster. Whether you're a first-time buyer or looking to expand your collection, staying within this list ensures you're making a legal and compliant purchase.

If you're unsure about which handgun to choose or have questions about the roster, don’t hesitate to reach out to us — or speak with a licensed firearms dealer near you. We're here to help guide you through the process safely and confidently.

Step 5: 10-Day Waiting Periods

Once a licensed California dealer submits your Dealer’s Record of Sale (DROS) to the California DOJ and it's accepted, a 10-day waiting period begins. During this time, you cannot take possession of the firearm

What is the purpose of the waiting period?

• Allows time for thorough background checks

• Acts as a “cooling‑off” period to reduce impulsive purchases or potential misuse

• Legally mandated to ensure public safety 

  
  

When Does the Waiting Period End?

• It starts the moment the DROS is received and assigned a number.

• It lasts 10 full days (ten 24‑hour periods)

• If any issues arise (e.g., background check delays), the DOJ can extend the hold up to 30 days total 

Step 6: Pick up your handgun at your local gun store!

Remember that firearm ownership is a significant responsibility that extends far beyond the initial purchase. Proper training, safe storage, and ongoing education are essential components of responsible gun ownership in California.